Progressive Movement Practice Exam 2026 – Comprehensive Test Prep

The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 is significant because it specifically aimed to strengthen antitrust laws and protect labor unions from being prosecuted under these laws. Prior to the Clayton Act, the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 had been used to dismantle labor unions, often viewing their collective actions as attempts to restrain trade. The Clayton Act clarified and expanded upon existing antitrust legislation by explicitly exempting unions and agricultural organizations from being classified as monopolies or illegal combinations.

This was an important development during the Progressive Era, as it reflected the growing recognition of workers' rights to organize and engage in collective bargaining without fear of legal repercussions. In essence, the Clayton Antitrust Act marked a shift towards acknowledging the legitimacy of labor movements and aimed to balance the interests of workers with the need to prevent monopolistic practices in the marketplace.